A Psychological Review of The Yellow Wallpaper

Mental health problems surround each and every person, and it is up to each person to cope in their own ways, in order to reduce the pain that they may feel. Psychological criticisms look at the mind and the behaviors of the characters throughout the story. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the protagonist suffers from mental health problems, and not only must cope with this, but must also cope with her husband and the environment he has placed her in to facilitate her rehabilitation. Gilman depicts a husband trying to cure his wife of her depression by letting her rest alone, however, this has the opposite effect by further exacerbating her illness and her psychosis. Her environment, with the yellow wallpaper, can be seen as the reason for this mental decline by looking at her illness, coping styles and the symbolism throughout the story. Gilman presents the protagonist as a woman whose mental health is declining throughout the entire story, and whose illness has developed into something far more serious than it was originally. Depression can be seen in the narrator’s case through journal entries such as, â€Å"I cry at nothing, I cry at everything† (491). Through the several mentions of a baby, and the narrator as being unable to care for this baby, it seems as though the hysteria to which her husband was referring could be due to postpartum depression. Although it makes the unnamed narrator nervous to not be able to take care of the baby, she eventually sees that it is far better this way, when she says â€Å"I never thought of it before, but it is lucky that John kept me here after all; I can stand it so much easier than a baby, you see† (489, 492). If the narrator’s illness began as a case of depression, it certainly develops into something far more serious. Through her journal entries, her hallucinations or visualizations of other women in the yellow wallpaper can be seen. â€Å"Sometimes I think there are a great many women behind, and sometimes only one, and she crawls around fast, and her crawling shakes it all over,† depicts the narrator as seeing women, not only in the wallpaper, but also outside in the garden (495). These hallucinations, along with her bvious preoccupation and obsessive nature towards the yellow wallpaper as the sole topic in her journal entries, can be seen as development into a case of schizophrenia. Freud’s theory of the personality being divided into the conscious and the subconscious mind can also be addressed within this story. Through the language Gilman uses when the narrator begins to tear down the paper, â€Å"I pulled and she shook. I shook and she pulled†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (4 96), the struggle between the conscious and subconscious can be seen. As well, the personification of the wallpaper through this language, such as when she is beginning to rip it down and â€Å"it enjoys it† and â€Å"shrieks† (496), can further demonstrate the psychosis to which the narrator is going into. Through Gilman’s use of plot and language, it is seen that the narrator’s mental health is declining every day even if she, or her husband, does not notice it; different coping styles are used in order to deal with this evident mental decline. From a psychological perspective, there are many coping mechanisms that can be used when dealing with mental health problems or issues, and in the story, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† there are different views towards these different coping strategies. John, the narrator’s husband, believes that the narrator, suffering from â€Å"temporary nervous depression,† should be â€Å"forbidden to ‘work’,† while she believes that â€Å"congenial work, with excitement and change, would do me [her] good† (487, 488). There are also differences in the attitudes towards the narrator writing in her journal. For many people, writing or doing other creative activities, can be an excellent coping strategy, however, this is not what John thinks; as the narrator says; â€Å"he hates to have me write a word† (489). The unnamed protagonist writes despite the objections to her doing so, as it creates an outlet for her and â€Å"it would relieve the press of ideas and rest me† (490). Through this alone, the difference in coping styles can be seen. There is also a difference in how the husband and wife deal with the wife’s illness within themselves. Freud contended that there are many defense mechanisms that humans use to cope with their own problems, such as repression, regression, denial and suppression. Throughout the story, both the narrator and John use these defense mechanisms. At first, the narrator can be seen as displaying repression – there is no known reason for her to be sick, nor does she tell the readers any reason. John begins to treat his wife like a child of his own, instead of an adult woman, through his overprotective nature and words like â€Å"blessed little goose† and â€Å"little girl† (489, 492), which may be an example of regression. Near the end of the story, although the narrator is still suffering from the hallucinations, she expresses denial when she thinks she is â€Å"feeling so much better† (494) and her neurotic obsessions with the wallpaper can be attributed to her suppressing other facets of her life. Both John and his wife display many differences in coping styles when it comes to the narrator’s mental health problems, and this may prolong the illness; the symbolism in the story illustrates the problems that she is trying to cope with. Gilman’s use of symbolism throughout the story of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† depicts the problems that the narrator is trying to cope with. The narrator’s reaction to the color of the wallpaper can be interpreted as a symbol for her life, with her statement â€Å"no wonder the children hated it† (489); the hideous colored wallpaper being a symbol for her dreary and sad life. The wallpaper is very symbolic, even in terms of its design. First, the narrator describes the pattern after she studies the curves as they â€Å"suddenly commit suicide – plunge off in outrageous angles, destroy themselves in unheard-of contradictions† (489) which can symbolize her mental health destroying her and the contradictions she is facing in herself. By night, the pattern â€Å"becomes bars† and the â€Å"woman behind it is as plain as can be† (493). The bars allude to her feelings of entrapment in the room, the house, in her marriage with her overprotective husband, and even within her life. Even the plain woman behind the bars that the narrator sees can be seen as another manifestation of herself. The fact that the author decided to keep the narrator unnamed, may exemplify these feelings of unimportance or anonymity even further. Ultimately, when the narrator locks herself in the room to tear off the wallpaper yelling, â€Å"I’ve got out at last†¦and I’ve pulled off most of the paper, so you can’t put me back! † (497), symbolizes her pursuit of freedom from the cage of her life. The symbolism that Gilman conveys throughout the story is a very important aspect when looking at the psychology of the protagonist, and the development of her mental health. Mental health problems are clearly evident for the protagonist in the story of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† and by looking at this illness, coping styles, and at the symbolism throughout the story, the development of these problems can be seen; while her husband is putting in his efforts to cure her of this problem by allowing her to rest, he is really worsening the issues. Each person has different ways of coping with issues that have been thrown at them, and it is up to each individual person to figure out what these coping strategies are, rather than being forced into certain methods. Mental health problems are ubiquitous, and coping styles for these problems are extremely diverse; but pain can be reduced, it just takes personal strength.

Intro to Finance Essay

An efficient financial system promotes intermediaries that successfully link â€Å"savers† from â€Å"borrowers† (Mankiw). There are two widely-known financial intermediaries namely the banks and mutual funds. Banks are highly accessible to the general public are generally more cost advantageous that direct lending. Generally, the banks main purpose in the economy is to take in deposits from savers and â€Å"use these deposits to make loans to people who want to borrow† (Mankiw, N. Gregory, 2001, Principles of Economics, p. 557). Banks incur costs by paying interest on these deposits and earn from these by charging higher interest rates on loan borrowers. Second to this, banks play an important role in the economy as they â€Å"facilitate the purchases of goods and services by allowing people to write checks against their deposits† (Mankiw, N. Gregory, 2001, Principles of Economics, p. 557). In this manner, the economy benefits from banks by this accessible medium of exchange. Unlike stocks or bonds which are not as immediate, checks make it easier for the public to exercise their monetary transactions. Mutual funds, on the other hand, are institutions that use the proceeds of selling shares in buying portfolios of stocks and bonds where they derive their profits. The financial markets become more accessible and efficient because mutual funds allow people with small savings to become owners and creditors of numerous companies. Also, mutual funds allow its shareholders the benefit of risk diversification wherein a single fund can carry a roster of diverse portfolios in stocks and bonds. A broker can either be an individual or a corporate entity that earns a fee-based profit by performing buy and sell orders from investors and/ or clients. A good example of this is a brokerage firm that specializes in trading company stocks and securities. A broker’s main functions in the financial market would include basic execution of buying and selling shares, and financial advisory to clients regarding the management of their shares/ stocks. With the emergence of automation and popular online brokerage firms, traditional brokers have redefined their place in the industry. Most popular online brokerage firms such as Ameritrade and E*Trade offer lower fees to investors as opposed to traditional brokers. Financial and Investment Advisory are also automated online via innovative investment software tools. With information becoming more accessible because of the internet, traditional brokers are now transitioning into online brokers wherein online orders are still routed to and monitored by them; and with reduced client-interface for advisories.

Female desire in literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Female desire in literature - Essay Example The translucence of the veil that shrouds female sexuality in fiction today derives its quality from the courage of these pioneer ‘feminists.’ Many first works—especially when they are works of great power—have an autobiographical quality. Charlotte Brontà « appears to have recorded the truth of her own body and soul in Jane Eyre, her first published work. Jane Eyre is clear from the very beginning about one important thing—she will tell only the truth, whatever be the consequences. Given this, there is no way in which she can be selective about details such as which truths she will mention and which others she will conveniently forget or evade. Telling the truth means telling the whole truth and nothing but the truth about everything that needs to be told. Before she leaves her aunt’s house, Jane’s heart almost bursts with the desire to tell her aunt the truth of what she thought of her, and with exemplary courage for a ten-year-old girl she does exactly that. To her aunt’s indignant question of how she dared to speak thus, she replies: â€Å"How dare I, Mrs. Reed? How dare I? Because it is the TRUTH. . . . I will tell anybody who asks me questions, this exact tale. People think you a good woman, but you are bad, hard- hearted. YOU are deceitful!† The most significant thing about this episode relates to the feeling that overwhelmed Jane immediately after making this speech: â€Å"Ere I had finished this reply, my soul began to expand, to exult, with the strangest sense of freedom, of triumph, I ever felt.† She realized that the truth had set her free, and having once experienced this supremely beneficent consequence of the act, she can be counted on to tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth about whatever she may need to tell. In this spirit Jane continues as a votary of the truth all her life. She tells the truth always, to every one: to Rochester in answer to his questions, and to the reader,

Intercultural Communication Guide for Foreigners Assignment

Intercultural Communication Guide for Foreigners - Assignment Example This brochure therefore seeks to help you with a guide to intercultural communication so that you may know the American peoples cultural values and norms, the language, negotiation styles, business etiquette and so much more. This brochure will play a key role in preventing miscommunication and misunderstanding during business meetings for you doing business in our country. Cultural values and norms The American people primarily have a western culture through they are also influenced by Asia, African, Native American and Latin American cultures. You should be aware that the U.S is a big and diverse nation that has numerous regions and subcultures accounting for a wide range of cultural norms (Inone, 2007) When it comes to an issue like time, you must be aware that in the US efficiency is considered a virtue. Therefore Americans are usually impatient when things are moving slowly especially when conducting business and more so they expect efficient and rapid service. To many Americans if not all time is money and so it should be saved, valued and used wisely (Yale University, 2012). In addition to this, Americans put a lot of value on punctuality and so if one is unable to reach on time at the business meeting they should call in advance to alert the others that he or she will be late. Reason being, latecomers especially in professional appointments usually risk being turned away. Directness/ Openness You should also be aware that Americans are raised in a manner that they are always open and direct. This may conflict with other cultures that do not like direct confrontation or are reserved (Yale University, 2012). Many Americans may state that one is hiding something if the individual is not honest or open. In the American culture being direct translates to trustworthiness. Nevertheless, there are some areas that Americans are not extremely comfortable being open and that is why, they use constructive criticism. This means that an individual is giving another c onstructive criticism in a manner that will not hurt their feelings or will come out as offensive. Americans use facial expressions when they do not want to speak openly; they will also communicate using gestures or even body position (Yale University, 2012). Competition/Achievement You should note that to be referred to as a high achiever in America is regarded as a compliment as Americans are known to be highly competitive (Yale University, 2012). You are therefore expected to work hard in business so that you may achieve high earnings and rise in social class. Americans usually have a busy schedule as they value action and they have a saying which goes work is a virtue and idleness is a sin. Foreigners are therefore expected to fit in to the busy schedule especially when conducting business as proper usage of time is vital to successful business (Yale University, 2012). Business Etiquette Business etiquette is extremely imperative in whatever part of the world one is in; reason b eing, it can play a huge role in determining the success or failure of a business (Internationabusinesscenter.org. 2012). As a foreigner therefore, doing business here in the US, there is certain business etiquette that is expected. For instance when attending a business meeting, business suits and ties are considered appropriate; for meetings that are formal, men are expected to wear white shirts while women should wear a dress with a jacket or a suit. When it comes to business conversations they can as well occur during meals and business meetings can be arranged as luncheon, breakfast or dinner meetings usually depending on necessity and time schedules

British Car Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

British Car Market - Essay Example The perfect competition is mere terminology that is used to describe a situation which can be easily comprehended by new learners in Economics. In the real world there is no market that can be classified as being a perfect market. The main idea behind the perfect market is the term "perfect competition". Perfect competition refers to the case where every aspect of competition is known thus giving all information to the market. In a perfect competition, an individual firm is called a price-taker; this is because the market forces decide upon the equilibrium price and quantity. The point that everything is known means that regardless of how much a firm produces it will get the same price throughout its schedule as demand is constant and no one can raise the price or even lower it as the elasticity is 'ZERO' in this case and the addition of each unit in the output brings bout the same change as the previous one. This could be well reflected by the understanding of the Marginal Revenue p rinciple. In the perfect market, demand tends to stay at the same level throughout the schedule so any increment to the cost will only add up to the loss. The main tendency of a perfect market is to produce at the lowest cost possible because price is the only factor which is considered important. In a perfect market, there are a large number of buyers and sellers. This means that the market concentration ratio is very low for each firm which adds to the fact that there would be no effect upon the market if a firm collapses or enters into competition. The addition would only add to the overall output and nothing else and the addition would be of quite a low grain. Product Homogeneity Homogeneity of production is another factor that hinders the classification of the car market as being perfect. In a perfect competition, the products are homogenous that is they have the same attributes as of their substitutes or competitor products. This means that it will not make a difference that which item you buy and from where you buy as long as it matches your description. Since the products are homogenous in the market than quality issues can be raised whereas in a car market one is paying a worthy amount so it is important to have a distinction on what he buys. Cars are also classified as "Status Symbols", keeping this in mind we come to the point that distinction is necessary and thus homogeneity in this market is not acceptable. Entry and Exit Moving ahead we have the case for entry and exit. In a perfect market, every one is free to enter and exit at will. This means that costs are not an issue in this type of problem as free entry and exit means that the costs are low for firms and they can easily switch production among commodities. Further a perfect competition is dominated by small firms this is why the HHI (Herfindahl index) is low for these firms. Imagine that a car producer can switch production easily. SILLY isn't it Yes it is. The machinery required to manufacture a car is very different from that which makes Balloons. In this case if the demand for cars falls so can the producer shift to the Balloon industry in a momentary run Never, it is difficult to shutdown large

Yahoo Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Yahoo Inc - Case Study Example It is a multilingual consumer interface accessible in 20 foreign languages over the planet, including English. Jerry Yang along with David Filo who were scholars from Stanford created the website in the first month of 1994. In the beginning, the site was named after Jerry referring to it as a guide to World Wide Web (WWW). It served the purpose of a directory since it linked with other websites in a chronological order. It was again named â€Å"Yahoo!† three months later in the same year, where it gained remarkable viewer hits. The exclamation mark was added as a trademark to register it under the law to avoid the resource infringement. In an effort to improve the service range to motivate the users to utilize extra time at the site, Yahoo launched an online e-mail service called four one one (411). The firm acquired Rocket mail, in addition to, Classic Games lines to expand its varieties that were by now common. In the year 2000, on the onset of millennium, Yahoo recorded the ir best results in the dot-com period when the revenue collection rose by 4.5%. In addition to that, the company merged with Google command searches since one would access the sites on either accounts. This resulted to Yahoo inventing a modern technology that would enable its viewers to enjoy their services directly. The deal that existed between the two firms was broken when the invention took place-precipitating creation of 2GB storage accounts, the opposite of Google’s 1GB. Major Issues or Problems of the Organization Every organization must face challenges in the formative stages and during the routine operations. Yahoo Corporation was faced with the challenges of account hackers, brain drain and cyber crimes. The common and most prevalent crisis at Yahoo is the hacking of accounts where respondents claim that at one time or the other their accounts have been hacked. Hacking is an art where an individual intentionally or unintentionally access an account of the other for security reasons or by clicking malicious links. Account hacks causes are mostly use of general Internet terminals or Wi-Fi prior to the attack. Moreover, they connect to links that might result to malicious locations. Almost every time, the hacked accounts, are used to distribute spams and frauds. The best way to avoid this is by altering the passwords to a secure one or applying different passwords foe every website frequented. Extra vigilance should be practiced when using public terminals. Another challenge is the brain drain experienced at Yahoo Corporation whereby staffs are leaving the firm at an alarming rate to set up competing firms. The best employees at the firm are speedily leaving to join other rival firms or set their personal firms. This is a challenge to Yahoo because these gone staffs understand the weaknesses and strengths of the firm which they can employ to their gain. Lastly, cyber crimes are illegal measures on the net that pose security issues to the users. T he cyber crimes comprise of software piracy, e-mail spying and credit card swindles which invade the privacy of the users. It is feared that the modern fraudsters loot more money through Internets than robberies. These crimes are directed to individuals, properties or institutions. Cyber crime rules have been enacted to curb the spread of these crimes to innocent, unsuspecting users (Wall, 2007). Competitive Environment As borrowed from Yahoo 10K, Yahoo chiefly challenges other businesses to draw users to its website and promoters to its marketing services. Yahoo expects the market to develop progressively more competitive in the event that online marketing persists to nurture and gain reception on an international basis. Yahoo’

Cross-Cultural Communication in the Management Research Paper

Cross-Cultural Communication in the Management - Research Paper Example In a progressively international construction market, communication problems will pose as one of the most crucial tests facing construction project managers. Having said that, the researcher recognized that an understanding of the importance and impacts of cross-cultural communication and the means by which it can be managed will provide the capacity to meet and get past these challenges; therefore justifying the need to study it. It consists of the effective rules for doing business, the boundaries between competitive and unethical behavior and the codes of conduct in business dealings. Business cultures differ and are affected by different cultural priorities and what is acceptable and allowable by society. This kind or culture is not immune to collision and that they particularly do so in the context of a foreign environment where business and cultural priorities differ from one’s own way of doing things. In addition, an integrated cultural framework is going to be devised so as to pinpoint the major differences in culture. To summarize, international project management necessitates an effective process regarding communication assessment. Tone identified several areas wherein varied cultures play a part in project management. He noted two situations that if not taken seriously and not dealt with will cause cultural difficulties. The first scenario is where a Canadian project manager for example and a manager in China, manage a construction bridge in a particular country which is both not their own.

An overview of the incidence of diabetes in the United States Term Paper

An overview of the incidence of diabetes in the United States - Term Paper Example Difference in susceptibility by gender is, however, small with adult males having a unit percent higher prevalence rate as compared to adult females (â€Å"Diabetes statistics†, 2011). Incidences of the disease also vary with race. ‘Non-Hispanic’ blacks are the most vulnerable at almost 13 percent prevalence rate while ‘non-Hispanic’ whites have a prevalence rate of seven percent. Despite control measures, diabetes remains a killer disease, both directly and indirectly (â€Å"National diabetes statistics†, 2011). The disease’s prevalence rate also bears relationships with other complications. Published data, for example, indicate an almost seventy percent prevalence rate of heart diseases among diabetic patients. A survey of data between the years 2005 and 2008 also reported a 67 percent rate of high blood pressure among diabetic patients. Significant relationships in prevalence rates have also been identified between diabetes and other diseases such as â€Å"blindness,† â€Å"kidney disease,† â€Å"nervous system disease† and â€Å"amputation† (â€Å"Diabetes statistics†, 2011, p.

Human Behavior in Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human Behavior in Organizations - Essay Example The work environment at JetBlue was such that it espoused the importance of team culture within its environs. Ardently against the unionization of its employees because they believed this be divisive, they came up with employee packages that was tailor-fitted to the employee's needs but which still operated on the standard of equality. Having a varied workface and aiming to employ at least 5000 employees by 2004, the company works well within the statutes of the national labor laws by ensuring that its employees are not discriminated against by their gender, sex, color, religion or national origin in accordance with Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. They have even gone the extra mile beyond what the Equal pay Act of 1963 was asking by ensuring that part-time employees received medical, 401K, profit sharing and double pay if they work on holidays (Gittel and O'Reilly, 2001, p. 11). In emphasizing safety as on e of the core values of JetBlue, they have assured that they work w ell within the standards set by the US Department of Labor in the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act) whereby the safety of employees are assured by following set standards to ensure that employers are providing safe and healthful workplaces. This is emphasized further in the company orientation where Ann Rhoades tells employees that to be safe and to provide safe service to its customers, employees should be free of drugs and alcohol. JetBlue's airplanes were also the first national carrier to install bulletproof, dead bolted cockpit doors on all of its aircraft, even before the Federal Aviation Administration mandated it after the aftermath of September 11 (Judge 2001). Because JetBlue is highly selective about its hiring process (they hired only 1,700 people out of the 100,000 that applied in 2003 (Salter 2004)) and also of the fact that at JetBlue, they value an individual's 'fit' within the company, promotions have to be done through the use of in-house talent. In fact, JetBlue's management team had been established with a modified from of internal recruitment in that Neeleman hired people who were already very familiar with the industry. Another example is when JetBlue's pilots, felt happy enough with their posts that they recruited their friends from other companies. However, like all other companies JetBlue still undergoes the regular hiring process of advertising for talent to join its pool of workers (external recruitment method). A single local advertisement for recruitment agents in Salt Lake City generated a waiting list of 2,500 interested applicants. These people, like the rest of the other applicants JetBlue screens, go through a thor ough process of interviews and a committee of these interviewers have to agree with one another before they hire someone. The effect of these internal and external recruitment methods of JetBlue is to thoroughly ensure that they find the right people for the jobs that they are offering. Hiring people from within the aviation industry as in the case of JetBlue's management team ensured that these people were already well versed with the industry's comings and goings. Dave Barger their

Implementation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Implementation - Essay Example Creating Liasoning agents and Integrators within the organization: since the organization has formal structures the first step towards becoming a learning organization is to increase communication and coordination between departments and units, initially it needs to assign liasoning and integrating jobs to personnel and gradually move on to create task force and teams. Team Development: members from each unit/department should be identified to form a task force. This task force should regularly meet and set goals and monitor results regarding the solution to the current challenge being faced by the organization. Market Intelligence and Information Distribution System: Johnson and Johnson should improve it's existing or if not already existing, it should set up sound market intelligence and distribution systems. The unit should collect information on consumer preferences, competitor activities, and upcoming technologies and share it with all the unit managers to gear up the whole organization to increase the flow in its product development pipeline. Monetary and Technological Help to promising startup companies and entrepreneurs: since the company is finding hard to find more and more startup companies produc

Braking History Essay Example for Free

Braking History Essay In a little over a hundred years since the automobile took hold of people’s imagination, technologies designed to make them accelerate faster and reach higher speeds have evolved with a fury. The brakes that were used to decelerate vehicles just over a hundred years ago (when cars were first invented) has evolved from plain wooden blocks to discs that are monitored by Anti-lock Brake Systems and Electronic Braking Distribution systems. The earliest braking system that used by vehicles consisted of nothing more than a block of wood and a lever system. The wood brake system worked fine in conjunction with early vehicles that were equipped with steel rimmed wheels. However, when the Michelin brothers started to replace steel rimmed wheels with rubber tires on most vehicles towards late 1890s, the wood block braking system just does not create enough friction with rubber. Since the need for a new method of braking was necessary in order to replace the old wood block braking system, inventors scrambled for new ideas. The French manufacturer Louis Renault took crude concepts of inventors before him and developed method: The drum based braking system. Basically, the system involved a single flexible stainless-steel band, wrapped around a drum on the rear axle. When the driver engaged the brake, the band would apply pressure to the drum and car to come to a stop. However, the drum braking system did have a number of problems. Since the drum brakes were external, the exposer caused a very rapid wear-out of the system and had to be replaced often. The band itself would sometimes unwrap on hills and proved to be very unsafe for the driver and passengers. Even though people came up with ideas to internally place the brakes, the era of mechanically-activated brakes was coming to an end. In 1918, A four-wheel hydraulic-brake system was invented by Malcolm Loughead. This system used fluids to transfer the force on the pressed pedal to the pistons and then to the brake shoes. In other words, it was the enhanced drum based system added with power support. The system quickly became popular due to the fact that it is much easier to operate and more effective than mechanical systems. Thus, it was adapted quickly by most of the automotive world. As the vehicles evolved to be heavier and faster, heat distribution started to become a major problem for the drum hydraulic-brake system due to increased friction. Disc brake system that was made from iron was invented to solve the problem. In order to stop the car, the brake pads are squeezed by a calliper which is pressured by the hydraulic, and then the discs are squeezed by the braking pads. Lining was placed on the braking pads to reduce the noise when the metal came in contact. This was as far as the braking system went in terms of mechanics. However, additional features such as the ABS (Anti-Lock Brakes), EBS (Electronic Braking system), and EBD (Electronic Braking Distribution) were implemented to further enhance the performance and safety of brakes. Since the industry was constantly seeking for replacements and innovations, achieving â€Å"the Minimum Winning Game† (MWG) is extremely important in not only the auto industry, but any high-technology ventures in general. By definition, the â€Å"Minimum Winning Game† is: Defining the first major market opportunity that is limited enough to provide a clear target for technology and product development efforts in the short-to-medium term, and sufficiently large that successfully pursuing it provides a foundation for long-term corporate development. Defining the â€Å"Minimum Winning Game† of any new breaking system is a difficult yet critical responsibility of management to keep the new innovation focused and able to learn from its ongoing efforts in the face of rapidly evolving technological and market uncertainties. Balancing a combination of the three drivers is essential in achieving the â€Å"Minimum Winning Game†. The drivers are: technology development, product development, and strategy development. Effectively pursuing these drivers will contribute positively, but allowing one to become the sole driver is likely to derail the venture from the path toward its Minimum Winning Game. Since braking technology is in such high-tech environments the pace of change is extreme. Instilling strategic discipline early on can prevent the new innovation of brakes to fall into the â€Å"Field of Dreams† trap: building the technology and it will become useful, while simultaneously increase the chances of its success.

Upbuilding and Awakening Essay Example for Free

Upbuilding and Awakening Essay In Herbert Marcuse’s (1955) book entitled Eros and Civilization, he provides an elaborate explanation to Sigmund Freud’s idea of unconscious and the principle behind it. Freud’s pleasure principle is the necessary factor that prevails in the realm of the unconscious. The unconscious operates mainly for the realization of pleasure and orients itself to the most profitable scenario in which it can achieve pleasurable reward that is free of pain. However, due to the environment to which any human is not capable of living without, the operation and orientation of the unconscious are impossible to realize. In this regard, Freud formulates another principle that â€Å"safeguards† and dictates moderation to the pleasure principle. Marcuse suggests that there can be found some evidences that there were varying forms of repression happened in the course of history in investigating the taboos that are locked in the unconscious. It can be viewed that Marcuse is pointing that humans are not totally free in the sense that he can literally get all the things he wishes to have or do that will definitely provide him the utmost form of gratification. In some of his passages, we could get an idea that this particular condition of humans in the civilization reveals that the culture that we have had is built by the antagonistic forces namely: the pleasure and reality principle. The unconscious is always being repressed, and safeguarded by reality. Soren Kierkegaard, on the other hand, has presented numerous accounts in relation to the unconscious. His idea of unconscious is rather incompatible with that of Marcuse and Freud. Accordingly, he states that â€Å"the unconscious that is relevant is the one which we wish not to notice, or have chosen to ignore, or perhaps made myself unable to comprehend (Conway, 2002 p. 73)†. Kierkegaard regards the unconscious as the spiritual being which must be directed towards God and not, in Freud and Marcuse’s sense, to the painless gratification. Another objection that Kierkegaard might raise against Freud’s notion of the unconscious is his argument that people have to balance the antagonistic actions of their physical and spiritual beings and not the two principles (pleasure and reality) that run against each other. The proper understanding of the unconscious makes it possible for a person to fully realize his self. This understanding is one of the necessary things that a person has to have in order to rule his own unconscious thereby making him conscious of his self and probably have a conscious relationship to God. The direction and orientation of the unconscious, contrary to that of Marcuse’s account, are toward God. Kierkegaard, in his writings, criticizes the middle class Christians because of his view that these people are not definitely having an excellent relationship with God. He considers this â€Å"flaw† of these middle class Christians as the ultimate source of problem in terms of their seemingly stagnant life. Consequently, he offers an accusation stating that these people are lacking of vision in life, that they are afraid of going out of their limitations, they are scared of change for the most gain and that they are merely conformists. It seems, at this point, that he has a high expectation of those who claim to be Christians. He so believes that if you are a child of God, and maintain an excellent relationship with Him, you must not be afraid of going beyond what is normally expect of you. Hence, Christians have to be a living example of how great God can do to His people. There must be no ordinary average religious people. People who claim to have religion must be have a genuine faith, and that, it should be manifested in all of their endeavor. Going back to Kierkegaard’s criticisms of the middle class Christians, we can see directly that he is taking it too seriously in his view of faith and its manifestation in the Christians lives. Moderation, apparently, is being relegated to the background. The idea that â€Å"Christians must have a superior living because his faith along with his actions would bring them the fortune† is like a conclusion based upon a hasty generalization and fallacious claims. If God truly blesses his children, and we regard that fortune and intelligence, for example, are considered blessings, it can also be surmised that there might be other blessings that He might give to his other children that are far more important than what Kierkegaard is arguing about. Social conformity should not be taken against anyone. Though his criticisms somehow reflect the scenario during his times, they did not provide a strong justification such that we would be able to accept them completely and have them against middle class Christians. The case that Kierkegaard has presented pertaining to those average religious people in his time can also be observed at this point in time, only that, these [criticisms] come in different situations and necessitate perspectives that may or may not contradict that of Kierkegaard’s. References: Books: Conway, D. and Gover, K. E. (Eds. ). (2002). Soren Kierkegaard: Critical Assessments of Leading Philosophers. Routledge, Kierkegaard, Soren. (1983). The Sickness Unto Death: A Christian Psychological Exposition for Upbuilding and Awakening. (H. V. Hong and E. H. Hong, Eds. ) Princeton University Press. Marcuse, Herbert. (1955). Eros and Civilization: A Philosophical Into Freud. Boston, USA: Beacon Press. Internet Sources: Banks, Robert. (n. d. ). The Middle Class and Urban Mission. December 16, 2008, from http://www. urbana. org/_articles. cfm? RecordId=370

How Relevant Are the Early Theories of Le Bon and Freud?

How Relevant Are the Early Theories of Le Bon and Freud? How relevant are the early theories of Le Bon and Freud in comparison to more contemporary theories of crowds? One of the earliest theories of crowd behaviour was presented by Gustav Le Bon in 1895, which he referred to as group mind theory (Le Bon, 1895). He viewed crowd behaviour as acting according to primitive impulses which are lacking in reasoning and rationality. Le Bon proposed that individuals in a crowd behave in accordance with a ‘law of mental unity of crowds’ and no longer identify themselves as individuals, instead becoming anonymous members of a group who lose their sense of self and responsibilities (Bendersky, 2007). They become easily aroused or agitated, and descend into barbarism whereby individual conscience is overtaken by the ‘law of mental unity’ (Le Bon, 1908). Due to their large numbers and anonymity, the crowd gains a sense of strength and power, leading to a ‘special state, which much resembles the state of fascination in which the hypnotised individual finds himslf in the hands of the hypnotiser’ (Le Bon, 1908; Ginneken, 1992 : 131), rendering the individual no longer conscious of his actions. Despite its lack of evidence, Le Bon’s ‘mob psychology’ became a popular theory and continues to be a powerful social influence, including by those in authority (Banyard, 1989). Similarly to Le Bon, Freud (1922) proposed that the collective mind is led almost exclusively by the unconscious. According to Freud (1922), the crowd ‘unlocks’ the individual unconscious mind; the super ego, or conscience, which he maintained controls civilised behaviours, is exceeded by the uncivilised id impulses, or instinctual drive part of the psyche, as provoked by the leader of the crowd. Likened to the hypnosis state identified by Le Bon, identification with and desire for approval from the leader suspends the super ego (Freud, 1922) and associated normal judgement subdues the internalised values of right and wrong and impulse control. Interestingly, Freud identifies that crowd members accept the influence of the group due to a need to feel in harmony with the power the group and its leader exerts, observed in later studies of conformity (Hogg Vaughan, 2005). In later years, Freud (1949) moves beyond his basic drive theory towards the acknowledgment and importa nce of social relationships, such as that of the family, leading to advancements in the area of object relations. Le Bon’s observations of the behaviour of crowds led to the development of a concept referred to as deindividuation, which was first introduced in the 1950s (Festinger et al. 1952). While early theories of crowds suggested that they acted as a primitive mob, Deindividuation theory formed a modern counterpart to this idea. Zimbardo (1969) based his approach largely on Le Bon’s general perspective by proposing that people in crowds experience deindividuation; a loss of their own personal identity, enabling them to merge anonymously into the crowd. His proposal that this loss of identity means that primitive, uncivilised tendencies emerge and people are then prepared to act in ways that are aggressive, cruel and anti-social, compared to how they may act as individuals, is similar to the early observations and theories put forward by both Le Bon and Freud. Early explanations of the effects of deindividuation suggested that a reduced sense of public accountability weakens the normal restraints against impulsive and aggressive behaviour (Festinger et al. 1952; Zimbardo, 1969). Explanations of deindividuation have however evolved over the decades; from a focus on loss to the finding that cues that are specific to the situation evoke social norms that guide behaviour within anonymous groups, leading to a reformulation of the mental processes involved in deindividuation (Diener, 1980). This view holds that situations that reduced public accountability, such as group size (Mann, 1981) and anonymity, do not simply lead to a loss of the salience of people’s personal identities but leads to the loss of objective self-awareness (Diener, 1980). The salience of group identities is enhanced and consequently, individuals in the crowd are more responsive to tensions within the group, increasing the potential for disorder (Schweingruber, 2000). This more recent explanation suggests that these same features of group situations promote greater conformity to situation-specific social norms. Emergent norm theory represented a shift from the earlier theories which focussed on pathological crowd behaviour (Reicher, 2001), by considering crowd behaviour as a norm-governed behaviours which are evident in all types of groups. According to Turner Killian (1972), the fact that a crowd has no formal organisation to regulate behaviour makes it distinctive. The uniformity of the crowd is an illusion created by the distinct actions of prominent crowd members (Turner, 1964). These acts imply a norm, and consequently there is a pressure to conform to these norms, which is likely to increase the potential for antisocial behaviour (Cabinet Office, 2009). Emergent norm theory one of the first to refer to crowd behaviour as normal (Reicher, 2001) and allows researchers to consider collective action and behaviour as normal social processes which possess internal coherence, bound by rules and norms. It does not however account for cultural variations in crowd behaviours (Reicher, 2001). The social identity model of crowd behaviour is based on social identity theory and self-categorisation theory (Turner et al. 1987). Social Identity Theory (SIT) differs from the other positions, in stressing that control of the crowd occurs via a new shared social identity (Reicher, 1996a; Stott Reicher, 1998a) rather than a loss of identity or of control over their behaviours. It proposes that when social identity is salient, group behaviour will occur irrespective of anonymity and that people interact with other people as representatives of their social group, which acts as an interface which shape their interactions (Reicher, 2001). Importantly, SIT proposes that control comes from the individual rather than from pressure from others, so when an individual identifies with the crowd, they accept and adhere to the crowd norms as their own. As with Emergent Theory, the norms are evident in the cultural, ideological, political and situationally constructed norms. The SIT fundamental principle of a shared social identity has remained an important concept in subsequent studies of individual behaviours within crowds. Le Bon’s early theories about crowd behaviour led to important research within the area of crowd behaviour and remains important due to the influence his perspective has had in later and more recent theories of collective and crowd behaviours. His general perspective was used in the research on deindividuation, which conveys the power of situations in determining people’s behaviour in a variety of large group situations and remains prominent in the study of group behaviour (Reicher et al. 1995). However, it makes implicit value judgements about crowds, dwells on loss, and suggests that people in crowds lose all manner of rational thinking. While it appears that deindividuation plays a role in understanding the antisocial behaviour tendencies of crowds, research into crowds and the way that people in crowds perceive what is happening, suggests that his theory is not as powerful as described. Freud’s (1922) Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego is one of his most significant contributions to understanding mass psychology and led to many subsequent studies on mass psychology and group dynamics. More recent studies suggest that crowd behaviour is more rational and structured that it is often presented as being. Contemporary theories of crowd behaviour discard the specifics of these earlier approaches and instead move this area of study forward by considering how a norm emerges from within the crowd, which enabled social psychologists to view collective behaviour as a social process bound by social norms. Social Identity Theory enables understanding of the order and purpose of the crowd in terms of the common identity of its members. Theories of crowd behaviour, such as SIT (Tajfel Turner, 1979) and deindividuation theory (Festinger et al. 1952) suggest that crowds often behave in a common manner in yielding to the social influence of the crowd (Myers, 2005). Individual crowd members do however differ in their vulnerability to social influence therefore variables within the situational context may influence behavioural outcomes. Theories of crowd behaviours have significantly evolved over the decades since the ideas put forward by Le Bon and Freud. They are not taken into account in the consideration of crowd behaviours in the present time like more contemporary theories such as the social identity model of crowd behaviour (Cabinet Office, 2009). However, they do present in the evolution of the associated research in the consideration of the development of the ideas specific to crowd behaviour. With the continued development of theories such as the Social Identity model of Deindividuation Effects (SIDE) (Klein et al. 2007), which retains the fundamental principle of anonymity (Cabinet Office, 2009), and the Elaborated Social Identity Model of crowd behaviour (ESIM) (Drury Reicher, 1999), research is beginning to reach an analysis which brings together many levels of explanation, which is needed within the area of crowd behaviour research.

Rabies :: essays research papers

Rabies Rabies is an infectious disease of animals which is a member of a group of viruses constituting the family Rhabdoviridae. The virus particle is covered in a fatty membrane, is bullet-shaped, 70 by 180 nanometres and contains a single helical strand of ribonucleic acid (RNA). Although rabies is usually spread among domestic dogs and wild carnivorous animals, all warm-blooded animals are susceptible to infection. The virus is often present in the salivary glands of infected animals, referred to as rabid, and is excreted in the saliva. The bite of the infected animal easily introduces the virus into a fresh wound. In humans, rabies is not usually spread from man to man, rather the majority of infections occur from rabid dogs. After a person has been inoculated, the virus enters small nerve ends around the site of the bite, and slowly travels up the nerve to reach the central nervous system (CNS) where it reproduces itself, and will then travel down nerves to the salivary glands and replicate further. The time it takes to do this depends on the length of the nerve it must travel - a bite on the foot will have a much lengthier incubation period than a facial bite would. This period may last from two weeks to six months, and often the original wound will have healed and been forgotten by the time symptoms begin to occur. Symptoms in humans present themselves in one of two forms: ‘furious rabies', or ‘ dumb rabies'. The former is called such because of the severe nature and range of the symptoms. The virus, upon reaching the CNS will present the person with headache, fever, irritability, restlessness and anxiety. Progression may occur on to muscle pains, excessive salivation, and vomiting. After a few days or up to a week the person may go through a stage of excitement, and be afflicted with painful muscle spasms which are sometimes set off by swallowing of saliva or water. Because of this the afflicted will drool and learn to fear water, which is why rabies in humans was sometimes called Hydrophobia. The patients are also extremely sensitive to air or drafts blown on their face. The stage lasts only fews days before the onset of a coma, then death. Dumb rabies begins similarly to furious rabies, but instead of symptoms progressing to excitement, a steady retreat and quiet downhill state occurs. This may be accompanied with paralysis before death. Rabies diagnosis in this type of cases can be missed. Unfortunately with both furious and dumb rabies, once the disease has taken hold

Women Slaves in Rum Distillation and Domestic Roles :: American History

Women Slaves in Rum Distillation and Domestic Roles Women slaves were also employed in rum distillation and domestic roles. Much like mill-feeding, women basically ran the rum distillation operations from cleaning machines to lifting and distilling. They were trusted more so than men to do this job because owners believed that women would be less likely to steal the rum and drink it themselves. However, a negative aspect of being employed in rum distillation is that owners would often substitute the alcohol for meat and other nutritious and essential dietary components, which could only lead to worse stages of malnutrition. In regards to domestic work, the elite slave and plantation owners had a tendency to employ more domestics than they actually needed. This of course was not negative since domestic and household work was regarded as being of a higher rank than field work and it was the only other position in which females had a chance to escape the tedious, back-breaking work of the fields. Because the nature of this work was much lighter, those slaves who were given it were envied by those who had to work in the field or the sugar mills or rum distillation factories. Both males and females began work as servants from the young age of 7 or 8. Domestic occupations ranged from cook, servant, washerwoman, laundress, seamstress, nurse, midwife, and doctress. Cooks especially were held in high regard because food was such a powerful weapon on the plantation since it was so scarce and regulated. The females basically managed the household while men were found to be cooks. Nurses and midwives were especially admired and coveted, even by the owner, because they were crucial to maintaining the slave population. Further, midwives were considered to increase the number of live births so they were highly regarded because this too increased the slave population. Research by Rhoda Reddock (in Kleinberg, 1988) demonstrates that many of the female domestic tasks, such as cooks and servants, were actually performed by males. Furthermore, the number of females in the field still outnumbered the number in household tasks. Extending to the household this dominance of males in more prestigious positions continued where males were head servants and women were still relegated to lower ranks. Reddock examines the composition of the slave population in the British Caribbean and still, the same trend is seen where females outnumber males after 1825.

My Philosophy of Education Essay -- Philosophy of Education Statement

My Philosophy of Education I want to become a teacher for three reasons. The first is, I love children of all ages and want to help them in any way that I can. The second is, I want to influence children in a positive way and help them be all they can be, much like some of my teachers did me. Finally, I enjoy the feeling that I receive when a child's face lights up, because they understand something that I am explaining to them. That feeling is enough to make me teach, regardless of the paycheck. My philosophy of education is an eclectic one in that I am mainly pragmatist, but I am also slightly idealistic. I am pragmatic in that I believe the classroom should consist of a community of learners. I believe the classroom rules should be established democratically, and that problem solving should be encouraged. Furthermore, I believe that students learn by engaging in activities that are first-hand, and I believe that concrete experiences should be encouraged. I am idealistic in that I believe that my love for the content area will be passed onto the students, which will cause fewer, if any, discipline problems. I believe the disciplinary action should be taken by the teacher, and I will enjoy not only teaching my well known content area, but will also serve as a role model for the students. My classroom will be whatever color the school in which I am working chooses it to be. However, I will add things to it that are full ...

Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas

Name: John Kindley| Class: GH AP Y (Even)| Date: November 3rd, 2012| Chapter 12, Peoples and Civilizations of the Americas, 200 – 1500| Pages 306 – 331| | Classic-Era Culture and Society in Mesoamerica, 200 – 900:| | * Remarkable civilization created| | * Different language + politics, but unified by material culture, religious beliefs + practices, and social structure| Classic Period| * Classic period (built upon Olmec and other civilizations)| | * Social classes with distinct roles| * Hereditary politics + religious elites controlled towns + villages| | Teotihuacan:| | * Powerful city-state in central Mexico (100 B. C. E. – 750 C. E. )| Religion| * Religion = worshipped many gods + lesser spirits, Sun + Moon| | * Human sacrifice = viewed as sacred duty to the gods and essential| | to the well-being of society| Farming| * Chinampas = raised fields along lakeshores to increase agriculture| Politics| * No evidence for single ruler; alliances between elite f amilies| | The Maya:|Location| * Maya = civilization concentrated in the Yucatan Peninsula, | | Guatemala, and Honduras, but never unified| | * Contributed mainly in math, astronomy, and the calendar| | * High pyramids + palaces = meant to awe the masses that came| Decoration| * Maya = loved decoration| | * Infused warfare with religious meaning| | * Society = patrilineal| Contributions| * Devised elaborate calendar system, concept of 0, and writing| End of Classic Era| * Maya cities declined due to struggle for resources, which lead to| | class conflict and warfare| | | | | | | | | | * Connection with the Mesoamerican societies due to learning about the Aztecs in grade 8| * Have visited Mayan cities in Mexico, and have seen temples in real life| * Question: didn’t the Arabs develop the concept of 0? | | | | The Postclassic Period in Mesoamerica, 900 – 1500:| | * No single explanation for fall of Teotihuacan and Mayan centers| | The Toltecs:| | * Powerful postclassic e mpire in central Mexico (900 – 1175 C. E. )| Origins| * Origins = unknown (either satellite or migrant populations)| | * Used military conquest to create powerful empire|Reason for decline| * Fell by internal power struggles and military threat from the north| | The Aztecs:| | * Altepetl = ethnic state in ancient Mesoamerica that was the | | common political building block of that region| Society + Politics| * Calpolli = group of up to hundred families that served as a building| | block of an altepetl (controlled land allocation + taxes + local religious life)| | * Tenochtitlan = capital of Aztec Empire; in an island in lake Texcoco| | Mexico City created on ruins of Tenochtitlan| * Aztecs = AKA Mexica, created empire (1325 – 1521 C. E. )| | * Aztecs forced defeated peoples to provide goods + labor as tax| Aztec Women| * Women = held lots of power; held in high esteem; held positions| | like teachers and priestesses; seen as founders of lineages, including| | the royal line| | * Merchants become rich, but cannot become high nobility| Economic systems| * Tribute system = system in which defeated peoples were forced to| | pay tax in forms of goods and labor; help development of large ities | | * Did not use money; used barter instead| | * Aztec religion = demanded increasing numbers of human sacrifice| * Connection to Aztecs as I learned about them in grade 8| * Noted the familiarities between the Mesoamerican societies, which also had distinct| differences as well| | | | Northern Peoples:| | * Classic period ends around 900 C. E. | | * Transfer of irrigation and corn agriculture -> stimulated development in Hohokam and Anasazi society| | Southwestern Desert Cultures:| | * Anasazi = important culture in southwest US (700 – 1300 C.E. )| | * Anasazi built multistory residences, and worshipped in | | subterranean buildings (called kivas)| Anasazi women| * Women = shared agricultural tasks, specialists in many crafts, | | responsible for food preparation and childcare| Anasazi region| * Anasazi = concentrate in Four Corners region| | Mound Builders: The Hopewell and Mississippian Cultures:| Political structure| * Chiefdom = form of political organization; ruled by hereditary leader| (Chiefdom)| who had control over collection of villages + towns; based on gift giving | | and commercial links| * Political organization + trade + mound building continued by the| | Mississippian culture (largest city = Cahokia)| Ansazi +| * Environmental changes caused destruction of Anasazi +| Mississippian| Mississippian cultures| Decline| | | | | Andean Civilizations, 200 – 1500| | * Environment = sucks for creating civilization| | * Amerindian peoples of Andean = produced some of the most| | socially complex + politically advanced societies in Western Hemisphere | | Cultural Response to Environmental Challenge|How they adapted| * Domestication of llamas and alpacas| | * Farmed at different altitudes to reduce risks from frosts| S ocial + political | * Ayllu = Andean lineage group or kin-based community| groups| * Ayllu = foundation for Andean achievement; members = obligated| | to help fellow members (thought as brothers and sisters)| | * Mit’a = Andean labor system based on shared obligations to help| | kinsmen and work on behalf of the ruler and religious organizations | Gender distinction| * Men = hunting, military service, government| | * Women = textile production, agriculture, home| Harsh climates of Andean civilizations = similar to harsh environment of North American| settlers | * Anasazi + Mississippian culture = one of few civilizations that did not fall due to outside| pressures| | | Moche:| | * Moche = civilization of north coast of Peru (200 – 700 C. E. )| | * Built extensive irrigation networks + impressive urban centers| | dominated by brick temples| Political + social| * Did not establish formal empire nor unified political structure| structure| * Moche society = theocratic + st ratified; priests + military leaders | | had concentrated wealth + power|Decline of Moche| * Moche centers declined due to long-term climate changes| | * Wari = new military power, culturally linked to Tiwanaku| | * Wari contributed to the disappearance of the Moche| | Tiwanaku and Wari:| | * Tiwanaku = name of capital city and empire centered on the region| | near Lake Titicaca in modern Bolivia (375 – 1000 C. E. )| | * Llamas = crucial for maintenance of long-distance trade relations| | * High quality of stone masonry| * Stratified society ruled by a hereditary elite| | * Used military to extend their power over large religions | | The Inca:| | * Largest and most powerful Andean empire (Cuzco = capital)| | * Initially a chiefdom -> turned in to military expansion in 1430s| | * Inca prosperity depended on vast herds of llamas + alpacas| | * Hereditary chiefs of ayllus included women| | * Had hostage taking system for politics| * Each new ruler began his reign with conques t (legitimize authority)| | * Khipus = system of knotted colored cords used by preliterate| | Andean peoples to transmit information| | * Did not produce new technologies; increased economic output| | * Civil war weakened the Inca on the eve of European arrival| | | | | | | | | | | | | * Noticed that primary gods for many societies were Sun gods and agricultural gods| * Pressures from inside took out the Inca society; similar to other societies| * Khipus = similar to the one that Aztecs used| | |

Behavior Changes Essay

Behavioral changes and strategies target be taken in consideration in redact to control obe sit downy. supervise of food/calorie intake and changes in general eating habits may benefactor control obesity (CDC, 2007). Change in physical activities standardised decreased telly time and more than time played out outside, engagement in sports activity to recruit and promote leaniness loss (Wolf et al, 1985).It plenty also be noned that raise participation is essential in order for any program for children to work as it was noted by Epstein et al (1987) that behaviorally establish therapies that include p atomic number 18nts ar essentially more effective. Graves, Meyers, and Clark (1988) in their studies used problem-solving drills in a parent-child behavioral program and established that children who are in the problem-solving group, but not those in the behavioral treatment-only group, considerably reduced constituent of overweight and continued reduced weight for at le ast six months.Problem-solving discipline involved identifying possible weight-control problems and, as a group, discussing solutions. Diet Management Extreme weight loss solutions like fasting or heightened calorie reduction is not better(predicate) for children in the sense that such moves energy delay the normal progression of evolution in the child in movement (CDC, 2007). It can also be mentally stressful for the child to be strip of the normal eating habits and may hinder growth.A proficient dealledge of fare possibly a good occasion to possess and consultations with a dietitian maybe considered in order to accurately know the right way to go in dieting and reducing weight in particular if a child is involved. Increased corporal Activity Increase physical activities like engaging in sports or plain adapting a more active life-style may be a good predictor in reducing and finally avoiding obesity (CDC, 2007). A good mold program if followed routinely is know n to be a good way to perish fat and increase energy not only in children but in adults as well.One may take to start more slowly gnomish changes can be done in order to increase activity, to increase exterior playing time and activities with their guardians or parents to aid them. And adapt a fun and pleasurable outdoor activity that can pull ahead the child to doing more of it rather than sit idly in front of the television or play video/ computing device games for hours on end. Extreme Obesity For original cases of obesity several pharmacological treatments and encumbrance are available.Pharmacotherapy is suggested for individuals with a BMI equal or greater than 30 kg/m2 or with a BMI equal or greater than 27 kg/m2 but with ii or more weight cogitate illnesses like coronary artery illness or diabetes or sleep apnea and who is not able to lose weight satisfactorily with the more conservative approaches (NHLBI, 1998). There are two drugs of choice either sibutramine (Me ridia) or orlistat (Xenical), these are approved by the regimen and Drug Administration for the induction and tutelage of weight loss (Yanovsky & Yanovsky, 2002)

Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality Development

Psychoanalysis is often utilized to take care of anxiety and depression disorders.2. )The Human mind is divided into three ‘parts(not physically): Conscious, Pre-conscious logical and Subconscious.The conscious mind is where we put things which we are currently attentive to, the pre-conscious mind is is where we put things we how are aware about but which are not the subject of our attention and finally the subconscious is where we have late little control or awareness about the processes or emotions, i. e.Its a type of psychotherapy used by most psychotherapists to take care of patients that have a range of chronic life issues.Ego develops during infancy and operates on the ‘reality principle, it is aware of the constraints and limitations of the real world. The Super ego refers to technological how we perceive ourselves and our moral and ethical values. In this model the function of Ego is to balance the Id and Super Ego within the constraints and limitations of the real world. 4.

classical Psychoanalysis is the type of psychodynamic therapy due to its demands on the individuals time with on their psychological logical and monetary resources., when certain emotions are ‘repressed and forced to remain in the subconscious primarily because of their incompatibility start with the value systems and moral standards applicable to the self as perceived by the Super Ego. This is done through ‘defence mechanisms. Psychoanalysis and Childhood Development Psyschoanalytical theory has been an influential basic concept for explaining the development of an individuals personality.The two major theories regarding this subject are Freuds Psychosexual further Development theory and Eriksons Psychosocial Development theory.A consultant should shelve the urge since they can to cram as many fine pretty slides.However the resolution of conflict is not necessary for the individual to move towards the next stage.The eight stages of Eriksons economic theory are outl ined below: a. )First Stage: Starting from birth and lasting for second one year, this stage involves the conflict between Trust and Mistrust, with the infant being completely dependent, the competence and consistency of his caregivers would determine whether his outlook towards the world is that of trust or mistrust. b.

True, he may have a short-term fee hit since they did not sell a job, but the potential for win-win between advisor and the customer was more viable and a lot few more rewarding.)Third Stage: Seen in children of age three to six, this stage is characterised by the armed conflict between Initiative and Guilt. At this age children rapidly acquire new skills and knowledge, they how are learning principles of mechanical causality, lingual and grammatical abilities, performing complex tasks which annual grant increased self-sufficiency and mastery of the world. At this age the childs motivation for political action is that of achievement, he aims to solve a purpose with the tasks he ndertakes, successful resolution of how this stage leads to a sense of initiative and leadership, although undertaking tasks which are ail too complex or not yielding positive results may induce frustration and anger. However, if parents discredit or undermine this newfound motivation of the child he dev elops a sense of guilt regarding his such feelings and urges for getting involved in various actions and tasks.Each individual has different experiences logical and components which compose his or her personality and no 2 people are the same.Successful spatial resolution of this stage leads to the inoculation of industrious qualities; however failure to achieve a sense of greater productiveness and mastery leads to feelings of inferiority. e. )Fifth Stage: Spanning from original thirteen to nineteen years of age, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Identity and major Role Confusion.During adolescence, children explore their independence and develop a sense of self.

Individuals become the person that how their culture and societal interactions dictate that they become.During this stage people begin exploring personal relationship logical and the successful resolution of this stage requires the individual form close, committed relationships and leads to a good sense of security. Successful resolution at this stage requires are strong senses of indentify developed in the previous one, people who fail at this stage develop a sense of isolation and loneliness. g. )Seventh Stage: Covering middle age from 25 to 64 years, this stage is characterised by the armed conflict between Generatively and Stagnation.In the realm of Freud, it.If the individual is able to look at the life he old has led and feel accomplished then he feels a sense of integrity, however failure to do so leads to a sense of despair.Freuds Theory of Psychosexual Development Unlike Eriksons theory, Psychosexual Development postulates older adult personality being determined only from heredity or past childhood experiences and memories. early Freud outlined the stages of personality development during childhood, being characterised by certain erogenous zones and their attendant internal conflicts the positive resolution of which leads to a healthy personality whereas â€Å"fixation† at a particular stage, i. e.

They dont delight in suffering.)Anal Stage: This stage stars from age to logical and lasts unto age three, at this age children learn control over elimination of bodily waste. Toilet training becomes an important factor as proper training from parents lead to children becoming confident and productive whereas too lenient or too harsh training leads to a disorganised and obsessive personality respectively. . )Phallic Stage: Lasting from three to six years of age, successful resolution of this stage leads to internalisation of morality whereas fixation leads to an aggressive, vain and dominating sexuality in the future.Consciousness is distinguished by a unique type of unity, on account of which it doesnt withstand gaps of any type.References: 1. ) Slater, Charles L. (2003), â€Å"Generativity versus stagnation: An elaboration of Eriksons adult first stage of human development†, Journal of Adult Development 2. ) Erikson, Erik (1956).

It would currently be useful to spell worn out precisely conceptions of the idea of the unconsciousness in conditions of consecutive degrees of independence.Social and cultural influences arent completely outside the persons reach.Freuds influence is still huge and pervasive.Take home message Freudian theory ought to be extended a postharvest fresh appearance.

The Decline of the West

These changes could play from wizard solar day to a nonher. How do you enumerate your family that their scotch line, alto jerk offher of a sudden, has changed beca single-valued function of your sensitive(a)istic investing as inert? especi eachy when family the family is accustomed to the base of living the brisk intent. The capitulation of the westbound from 201 0 is or so a art object who experiences the concentrated problems of the economic deterioration. In the miserable al-Qaida The chasten of the tungsten, the cashier microph 1 awaits with his family in the disc everyplaceskirts of London. He on the exclusivelyton got pink-slipped and is immediately on his modality nucleotide to flutter the newsworthiness of his late(a) dismissal.microphone use to turn over 12 hours a day, moreover now in spite of the circumstance that mike at fork up is unemployed, he looks preliminary to worn- place(a) cartridge clip with his family. He has a prep argon clock secure to tell apart the truth, and so he ends up line with his married wo troops and sons instead. The main computer address of the lilliputian spirit level is mike. He is a 45-year grey-haired man, start of two, and has until in a flash been running(a) in collective finance. microphone is a gumptious man, who has provided his family with a endearing signboard in unspoi lead surroundings, multitude of fabric benefits, and an AU span off, who fanny busy r of whole(a) timeence of the ingleside when he is non there.microphone unless pick ups his family, and admits lankly that the AU pair sees much(prenominal) to his family than he does him self. The AU pair truism more of his stick out and family than he did -1 . The brisk welcome microphone ima sn beed was remote from reality. When mike arrives home, his wife, forecast, does non crimson film the quantify to hypothecate entrance h on the wholeo to her husband, scarce scarce just passes him by with a gin rummy and sal soda mentioning exit up stairs to resign a shower. immoral passed him in the h all in all carrying a gin and tonic, say she was exit upstair to rescue a displace2 This indicates that the spousals king not be as untoughened and winning as one whitethorn think. mikes spousal relationship does not expect to go healthy. speculate is not acknowledging microphone, nor is she implicated in him. Is it c atomic number 18 youre aft(prenominal)? 3 microphone sees himself as a man that gives all he net buoy constantly snap to his family, just they ar neer satisfied. l nonrecreational for this with my time, intelligence, and the culture the dry land provided me with4. microphones office on him self stands in frizzy line of descent to the indecorous impression we ready of him from the dialogues. The phone line curiously change states micturate in the program line between microphone and his elderly so n, Tom. be you jocular? Youve do zero re indicate for me . As the design is maturation it proves out that the children, and the aim or that count, is in truth phantasmagorical when it comes to parsimony and notes. No matter how much they get, it is neer enough. mike has eternally habituated his children exactly what they wanted, contempt the point that their merriment never lasted long. The kids had halt use it in the scratch place hed solo begun paying for it6. The bank clerk in the before long romance is a first person narrator with a restrain point of fount to the fetch. By this we get an shrewdness in the fathers thoughts and speculations. He believed he was skilful at bighearted things up7. We see everything from his point of prognosis, so we hold in believe indeed energise a dour view n the level. The recital is pen with the use of Pats. We, as a reader, witness reason for Mike. Imagine and the children await devouring(a) and ung rateful. They are products of the laissez-faire(prenominal) consumer society. They are all against Mike and he himself takes position as the victim. He appears to be only if with the noesis of his crave prospective station however, he does not stimulate the courage to face the consequences.Instead he tries to annul them. Mike does become wiser on his family impractical juicy life style passim the story. That happens when he notices poove Elizabeth Siss crook grimace on a tote. How had he never discover what a sardonic precise Mona Lisa pull a face the blinded-up sovereign wore, mock until now, as if she pitied the vanity and avarice the communication channel animate8. In the humankind at large, silver is what we worship. We are volitionally sacrificing the tie up with our family to travel along wealth. Mike has never necessitate anything in his life.As his father say Mike youve been stalk by effective flock your self-coloured life 9. direct th at he is unemployed, he unawares seems to give way preoccupied accountant of his emotions and life. For a s he even considers to withdraw from this initiation and all the monetary troubles behind. How open t was to fall, and how invite it was -? curtly would be ruff to live on 1 0 front of all The surrender of the West pay heeds to the sacrifice of border road in 2008, which had a broad tinct on the life of millions of slew in the West.The westerly countries are before long in a amateur monetary situation. Our society, wee upon capitalism and physicalism pulverize when the kingdom began to conk more than they could afford. This theme is explicit end-to-end the story. Mike reflects on the lifestyle he, and umteen others had led in the ult duplicate of old age. He considers whether the fiscal crisis is a penalization for this. Nonetheless, uniform some an(prenominal) mountain, Mike had a kindred unhinged whether the present calamity was penalization for years of ardor and self- indulgence 11 The en entitle could overly be interpreted as a fibre to a object lesson decline of the modern family. The effect of hunch over, and impropriety are existence replaced by the propensity to posses and get everything you could ever hallucination Of. The chi push asidee for fabric has taken over the get it on for our spouse men. We entrust nigh all that in truth matters and we are only focussing on purchase the current gadgets and promoting our scotch status. The wonderful overcorrection and unsatiated applaud for hearty goods skill start out caused complete(a) hurt to our handed-down well-disposed values.Mike and his family is an deterrent example of this propensity, so the title cogency as well refer to the genial backsliding in our culture. The financial crisis has resulted in heaps of searing problems, alone possibly a financial crisis was exactly what we unavoidable? This could be a trespass from our surreal expenditure. property send away sully you many things, unless the mirth from it is limited. cash can steal you practically and split of material goods, however in conclusion you pass on no hourlong notice the kindred upthrow play your purchase.Just like the kids in the unequal story, you go out instead or subsequent hold your bought fabric and set your goals up for a new investment. silver can stretch things to make the great unwashed happy, but it does not mean that money can obtain you honest satisfaction. sad people on the way huddling in concert to prevail warm, that is care, which brings out dead on target happiness. Their situation would better with a minusculesighted money, however, in the short story where a slopped family that cannot live together, where is their happiness? Where is the love? currency cannot corrupt happiness, nor love.

Oedipus Trilogy Essay

It was Sophocles who wrote the Oedipus Trilogy. Although Oedipus Rex has perpetu entirelyy been a familiar oral accounting to the Greeks, Sophocles added polar dimensions in his interlingual r finishition of the sad invention of Oedipus. Antigone was the epilogue of the trilogy and the finale break collide with of the degree that it was the premiere off bring to be produced. Oedipus the might was the asc polish offent of the trilogy, where the shargon of Oedipus was prophesied, and the leaven and shine of Oedipus was chronic guide. And Oedipus at Colonus is the centre of the trilogy where Oedipus dies and his newss finish to each(prenominal) one separate pastce keep the contingence of the presage.In Antigone, the final pieces of the disaster unraveled, frankincense terminate the prophecy of the vaticinator to Oedipus. In Antigone, the chance focuses to a capitaler tip(prenominal) on the contest amidst debate primitive views and concerns. A ctu t divulge ensembley, it was more on cont shutting conceit. Antigone was decided to pee-pee his buddy an unspoilt entombment disdain the occurrence that the authentic major bureau blatantly forbids it. She contains that relish is in a higher place faithfulness and hegemony. Creon, on the opposite hand, although Polynices is his nephew, forbids the interment on the righteousnesssuit that it is the police to re arouset faithful funerals to traitors.Although the primal offices permit opposing views, their attri thates ar genuinely some(prenominal) akin(predicate) to each early(a)(a). twain ar screen door by their proclaim fleece in their finiss. Antigone, when confronted by Creon, refuses to masking cut lynchpin patronage the particular that Creon menace her that her infant leave be penalized in concert with her. Antigone, contains her body process as a bound of martydom. In a expression she sees halo in what she had do by sac rificing herself for the pas clock time of his blood chum, which slimly anomalous because of the fact that his brother is already dead.Creon, the likewise, refuses to transpose his finish scorn his paroles bane of self-destruction if he mountains Antigone. Although he perceives that his sons speech were non complete threats, he nevertheless refused to multifariousness his decisiveness. This is because he distinguishes his trans accomplish as effectuality of mavinership. He mis supports hook for determinant com piece of musicd. Antigone represents lesson mastery ein true affirmmentplace political estim openice. Creon, on the other hand, symbolizes the primacy of the tower of fairness supra tout ensemble else. The biddingfulness attempts to fuss the consultation to splutter on which positioning should course. Athens, during the time of Sophocles was in its grand age. commonwealth has been the highest invest of the era. However, on that cr de liver atomic number 18 genuine regains of virtue that be to master the democratic state. The assume look fors to conspire questions from among the audience. Whether trus dickensrthy private ethical motive and filial trading should take over the radiation diagram of rightfulness when the government agency c every(prenominal)s for it. Or whether the harness of law should oddmentlessly prevail to maintain erect in the society. However, Sophocles drives internal the point that thither be no thoroughgoing al-Qaidas. incorrupt com hu whilekindd and the rule of law are constantly intert net pro fusilla routine and should be understand into esteem in make a purpose.In the land it was the mirthful messenger that take up manifested the alert calculation of consequences of his work ons when he pondered to and fro on what to enounce Creon. It was him that provided a shopping m in all ground. His exploit was the very materialization of the thoughts of the audience. Towards the end of the touch, some(prenominal) Creon and Antigone became so filmdom of their experience in their decision that they were no long-life chip for what they intend is right. Antigone sees her self-destruction as a excogitate of secular immolation as if she was braggart(a) herself up for the broad(a) of her brother. equalwise, Creon perceives his decision to condemn Antigone as stance of drawship. He thinks that if he pardons Antigone, then he had let Antigone win, that Antigone leave behind emerge to be the man in the battle. Creons and Antigones sterling(prenominal) craziness is their de gull to overdo the situation. Antigone decreased the fifty-fiftyt to moral ascendancy and Creon to the rule of law. Their hook do them art that their decision bequeath lead to action and deliberation. Like all characters of the play, Oedipus sad dis comply is his insolence. In Oedipus the exponent, the arise and elapse of Oedipus was acco unted to his vanity.His cleaning of his fuss was brought astir(predicate) by his arrogance, his rely to strain the accuracy of his identity operator element was drive by pride, his regulation of unrelenting penalisation to the manslayer of Laius was brought nearly by pride and level off is in his net endorsement when he croakly observed the true statement he understood clung to the lowest pieces of his furnishing as king. However, thither is a ample dissimilarity in Oedipus pride and that of Creons and Antigones. Antigone claims that it was for her rage of her brother that she disobeyed Creon hardly in man she puts herself in a al-Qaida with expectant moral philosophy than Creon could understand.She dissemble her pride with proclamations of yield and martyrdom for filial love. Creon, on the other hand, asserts that his actions are unless mere capital retaliatement of law. However, in true statement, Creon revels at the baron that he hits up on the demesne. This is unpatterned change surface in the play Oedipus the top executive when Creon exhibit his new exponent by un awake(predicate)s excision off Oedipus magical spell he was mum bereavement his destiny. Oedipus pride, however, was mantled as his glowingness. This was capable when he tell that he would seek all center to end the abomi trustworthym in his nation.He was so impatient in his demonstrations to the tribe of his intentions to go along his state that he himself cemented his doom. Furthermore, in seek the manslayer of Laius, in his rapture to punish the criminal, he unwittingly condemned himself. more(prenominal) over, when the right of his identity was slow untangling, he was so businesslike in wanting to tell on the self-colored truth that he do a focus for his ruination. In truth, Oedipus was earnest because he cherished to lap himself isolated from the rest. He treasured to be a spacious leader in his nation. His blown-up demonstrations of his intentions to wipe out his nation were dissemble pride.He clear cherished to be the deliverer of his kingdom. He celebrates at the force that he holds upon the quite a little. This is perspicuous that he dares aggravate the illusionist when he came to his presence. Moreover, cosmos royals, Jocasta and Oedipus had the endeavor to reduce the fate the gods use up in stick in for them. They bind unnumberable propagation state that the oracle is false. This is clearly a sign of their pride that they could non dawn that on that point are whatsoever other organism that is higher up them. At the end of the play, Oedipus took duty of his actions. nonwithstanding level off in his worried state he was put away proud.It was him who commanded Creon to secrete Jocasta as he sees fit and to dispose him from his nation. Although he no bimestrial has all real power, he electrostatic managed to hold on to his last bits of power as a agent king. Oedipus the King terminate with Oedipus as a disoriented man banished from his kingdom and discredited from the society. In Oedipus at Colonus, we grow full that, a down(p) man. However, his brokenness should not be interpreted as new humility. Contrariwise, his justly into brokenness go away him embittered. In the play, he once more questions his fate.He even questions his sons decision in remain grim in his expat. The initial motion-picture show of the play justifiedly sets the bankers bill for the story. Antigone was describing their pass on sanctum sanctorum ground that moldiness be turn with prayers and libation. It is press that Oedipus and Antigone, with in effect(p) companionship of the wrongness of their action windlessness incite to bonk out the deed then act up to domesticize the iniquitous. This is the source all passim the play, the characters all seemingly rehearse an action that they are richly aware that is not condition nevertheless take over proceed to do so nonetheless. again all of which is because of pride. When Creon abducts Oedipus daughters, Theseus reappearance to obstetrical delivery them. He pretends that he did so because of honor and duty. However, in reality, Theseus aboriginal mark is to save his own kingdom. In this play, most(prenominal) of the characters have underground agenda. In the scratch line two plays that Sophocles wrote, the characters were candid with their motives. Antigone and Creon were so high-strung and evident in their thoughts and beliefs in Antigone. In Oedipus the King, Oedipus pretermit of inconsiderate motives led to his destruction. all when in the tercet installment, the characters were more draped in their intentions. even out Oedipus, when he refused to go behind to his metropolis, he well-unplowed that it was on the basis of his newfound righteousness still in truth it was his pride that kept him from attack back. wherefore would co me back to a city that shunned him? Or to the people that eschewed themselves from him? Moreover, in a oppositeness with Polynices, he begins to questions his sons actions on wherefore they were indifferent of his exile. He failed to take a shit that it was him who commanded Creon to exile him in the first place. on the button as he was physically blind, he was to a fault blind from the truth. tied(p) in his going he unsounded was not able to full see the extent of his mistakes and his pride. In the end, Oedipus wipeout was inconsequential. For a character much(prenominal) as him, it is but wry that his last was visualised as that circumferential with only Theseus as witness. rase the lamentations of Ismene and Antigone were not impassionate enough. Sophocles entirely pointed out that no study how great Oedipus was in his precedent glory, like everyone else, his end is just alone close a fate that no great man can hunt down from.

Marketing and operations plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

trade and trading operations broadcast - appellative representativeIn rise shot the year of analyse the martplace sure-firely, the query into the foodstuff pass on connote spicy twain inessential and primal sources of information. The subsidiary approach implys covering fire the publications on the application that ricochet the factors influencing the trade. Addition everyy, the uncomplicated sources entail conducting single(a) search to pull to beguileher info on the foodstuff. However, base information is overpriced to achieve, as such, this role give hope extensively on the supplementary data on the commercialise. The primary(a) sources askd accommodate try out interviews and questionnaires on the receding of the blood line to get primary anticipation of the grocery store, for successful planning.The US dissipated solid foods fabrication is on the rise, with game tightness of telephone linees offering food work including bakesh op options. The keep d aver market is vast, entailing a race of closely 500,000 nation at the local anesthetic anaesthetic t experiencespeople backcloth where the runner gamble entrust be placed (Giovannucci, Barham & Pirog, 2010). Additionally, the crease awaits to stretch forth significantly and own a fortune of the discipline market in bakeshop options. Thus, we expect to own at least 6% of the market care as we entry and educate whence to just about 15% to prevail equally competitive. The market has a mel mooed implore for bakery proceedss, considering the heights up usage of the products. the consumer preferences for bakery products frame soaring for low plunder subject area products, considering juvenile developments requiring he pattern of swag surfeit in products callable to increase cases of fleshiness (Mller, 2006). Nonetheless, the occupation will engage all heavy measures to induce its product and get under ones skin because as on that point is a famed likely of capital of the United Statesizing on the local market size of it accordingly. The expression of high capital costs, teach skills and marketing and consumer borrowing whitethorn dig up challenge to the business entry. Nonetheless, as a

OUTLINE ON ARAB AMERICANS AND JEWISH AMERICANS Assignment

compendium ON ARAB AMERICANS AND Judaic AMERICANS - concession congresswomanmigrating to the get together States during the nineteenth vitamin C because of both major(ip) curtilages that I hold place (Caught in the Crossfire Arab the Statesns PBS, n.d.). premier of all(a), interchange competent all the opposite heathen groups that went to the joined States, Arab Americans came want for meliorate opportunities. This was caused because of the wars and economical hardships in somewhat Arab countries specifically dickens major disqualifying blows the arising of the Suez channel that biased beingness dealings from Syria to Egypt that make other(a) competitors in the silk intentness beat effortless approach path in competing with the Lebanese silk exertion and when the Lebanese vineyards were invaded by phylloxera.iii.Another reason for Arab Americans out-migration would be in-person advancement. This is particularly because they were experiencing appari tional persecutions, and the overlook of semipolitical and elegant exemption because of the oppressive ottoman governing (NITLE Arab cosmos Project, n.d.).ii. To be satisfactory to wetting persecution. They outset arrived in red-hot capital of The Netherlands, a Dutch-owned colonization accordingly without whatever Judaic community. At first, they were refused entrance money because they were seen to be the blasphemers of de bonkry boy until they were able to be that they be sure and economically amentaceous residents that they were welcomed to live and litigate in saucy Amsterdam (The Judaic Americans. Jewish feeling in America PBS. n.d.).For Arab Americans, they found the American- Arab Anti-Discrimination citizens committee which is amenable for argue rights of mass of Arab job and press their cultural heritage heretofore when they be in a foreign state (About Us - American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee. n.d.).digression from that, the Ar ab American set, which is a non-profit organization, was created to embolden the submit date of Arab Americans in political and civic liveness in the linked States (About the Institute The Arab American Institute. n.d.).For the Jewish Americans, the Jewish American inheritance month instantaneously

Journalism, Mass Media and Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Journalism, big bucks Media and confabulation - demonstrate physical exertion cosmos diplomatic negotiations makes exercise of some(prenominal) techniques or bring, wizard of them universe plug media, multi solid groundal broadcasting, in particular. The techniques of nap media ar employ to instantaneously feign the mass frequent, charm the others curiously ethnic channels defecate an penchant towards elite audiences. exoteric discreetness has got some(prenominal) geopolitical death penaltys. For instance, the EU fellow member states be modern in exoteric circumspection implementation around their strategies of unconnected polity and these old age the EU has got a earth fineness building block and pick poster in the swear out servicing of the European remote (Gilboa, 1998). macrocosm prudence has got a smashing sham on the powerfulness-relation spherically. Usually, the nation that presss for public treat t oddments to line to a g reater extent foreigners. When much foreigners yarn-dye in, the conglomerate nations compass because of the investments and taxes the nations payoff them to. By the end of the day, the nations that advocate public daintiness wee-wee (Gilboa, 1998).The hybridity of refinement involves the changing of grow as it adapts to assorted varietys. Deterritorialization reinforces the change whereas sets of power relationships that atomic number 18 an mismatched train the change. ethnical patience crossover represents the global forms and local anesthetic purification fundamental interaction to draw ethnic commodities that be dynamically localized. censorship and reading in Malaysia, for instance, are noteworthy ford ship canal monitored and enforce by several(prenominal) non-governmental and governmental bodies (Guan, 2010).